Liu Yong served as a grand councillor under both the Qianlong and Jiaqing emperors. Beginning from Yan Zhenqing and later absorbing many other masters, he developed a calligraphic manner known for heavy, rich ink and sturdy inner structure. He pursued the fullness of ?black? while also creating atmosphere through the subtle management of ?white,? producing a powerful balance of density and openness. Because of this distinctive style, he became widely known as the ?thick-ink premier.?