Fu Shan was a noted scholar, painter, calligrapher, and physician of the late Ming and early Qing periods. Although the early Qing authorities repeatedly tried to recruit him, he firmly refused office and lived in retirement. His calligraphy was rooted in Yan Zhenqing, and both his regular and cursive script show powerful effort and a theory he summarized as preferring awkwardness to cleverness, plainness to prettiness, ruggedness to slickness, and directness to arrangement. This banner is a representative example of late Ming wild cursive: free, elegant, forceful, rich in change, seemingly effortless, yet internally rhythmic and full of natural beauty. It is now in the Shanghai Museum.